root
yum install pcre pcre-devel
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum install openssl openssl-devel
创建目录(nginx-src)并进去;然后,从官方地址(http://nginx.org/)下载,解压,配置,编译,安装:
# mkdir nginx-src && cd nginx-src
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.3.tar.gz
# tar xzf nginx-1.7.3.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.7.3
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
默认的安装路径为:/usr/local/nginx;跳转到这里,便可以启动或停止它了。
# ./nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.7.3
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
启动:nginx
停止:nginx -s stop
3、添加到系统服务
使用命令“# vi /etc/init.d/nginx”,打开编辑器,输入如下内容:
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 85 15
# Startup script for the nginx Web Server
# description: nginx is a World Wide Web server.
# It is used to serve HTML files and CGI.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="nginx deamon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
d_start(){
$DAEMON || echo -n "already running"
}
d_stop(){
$DAEMON -s quit || echo -n "not running"
}
d_reload(){
$DAEMON -s reload || echo -n "can not reload"
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
d_start
echo "."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
d_stop
echo "."
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC conf..."
d_reload
echo "reload ."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
d_stop
sleep 2
d_start
echo "."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $ScRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
保存退出后,再使用下面的命令,使其可执行;然后,添加配置并查看。
可用chkconfig修改其值,也可用ntsysv工具改变是否自启动。
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on/off
# chkconfig --list nginx
nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
一般我们都需要先装pcre, zlib,前者为了重写rewrite,后者为了gzip压缩。
1.选定源码目录
选定目录 /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
2.安装PCRE库
cd /usr/local/
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.21.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.21.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.21
./configure
make
make install
3.安装zlib库
cd /usr/local/
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure
make
make install
4.安装ssl
cd /usr/local/
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz
./config
make
make install
5.安装nginx
Nginx 一般有两个版本,分别是稳定版和开发版,您可以根据您的目的来选择这两个版本的其中一个,下面是把 Nginx 安装到 /usr/local/nginx 目录下的详细步骤:
cd /usr/local/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make
make install
--with-pcre=/usr/src/pcre-8.21 指的是pcre-8.21 的源码路径。
--with-zlib=/usr/src/zlib-1.2.7 指的是zlib-1.2.7 的源码路径。
6.启动
确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用,
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
检查是否启动成功:
netstat -ano|grep 80 有结果输入说明启动成功
打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP,如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 Nginx 已经安装并运行成功。
7.重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –s reload
8.修改配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
9.常用配置
#nginx运行用户和组
user www www;
#启动进程,通常设置成和cpu的数量相等
worker_processes 4;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
events {
#epoll是多路复用IO(I/O Multiplexing)中的一种方式,但是仅用于linux2.6以上内核,可以大大提高nginx的性能
use epoll;
#单个后台worker process进程的最大并发链接数
worker_connections 10240;
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
error_page 400 403 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
index index.html index.shtml
autoindex off;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
sendfile on;
# These are good default values.
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay off;
# output compression saves bandwidth
gzip off;
#gzip_static on;
#gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
#gzip_vary on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
upstream portals {
server 172.16.68.134:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.135:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.136:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.68.137:8082 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
#upstream overflow {
# server 10.248.6.34:8090 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
# server 10.248.6.45:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
#}
server {
#侦听8080端口
listen 8080;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
#403、404页面重定向地址
error_page 403 = http://www.e100.cn/ebiz/other/217/403.html;
error_page 404 = http://www.e100.cn/ebiz/other/218/404.html;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 180;
proxy_read_timeout 180;
proxy_buffer_size 64k;
proxy_buffers 4 128k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
client_header_buffer_size 16k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
#proxy_send_timeout 3m;
#proxy_read_timeout 3m;
#proxy_buffer_size 4k;
#proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
#proxy_hide_header Set-Cookie;
# if ($host != 'www.e100.cn' ) {
# rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.e100.cn/$1 permanent;
# }
location / {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/resource/res/img/blue/space.gif {
proxy_pass http://tecopera;
}
location = / {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /ebiz/event/517.html last;
}
location = /ebiz/event/517.html {
add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
root /data/web/html;
expires 10m;
}
location = /check.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
access_log off;
}
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
expires 1m;
access_log off;
}
location = /index.html {
add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
#定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
root /data/web/html/ebiz;
expires 10m;
}
#定义反向代理访问名称
location ~ ^/ecps-portal/* {
# expires 10m;
#重定向集群名称
proxy_pass http://portals;
#proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
}
location ~ ^/fetionLogin/* {
# expires 10m;
proxy_pass http://portals;
#proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
}
#location ~ ^/business/* {
# # expires 10m;
# proxy_pass http://172.16.68.132:8088;
# #proxy_pass http://172.16.68.134:8082;
#}
location ~ ^/rsmanager/* {
expires 10m;
root /data/web/;
#proxy_pass http://rsm;
}
#定义nginx处理的页面后缀
location ~* (.*)\.(jpg|gif|htm|html|png|js|css)$ {
root /data/web/html/;
#页面缓存时间为10分钟
expires 10m;
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
location ~* ^/NginxStatus/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 10.1.252.126;
allow 10.248.6.49;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
# error_page 405 =200 @405;
# location @405
# {
# proxy_pass http://10.248.6.45:8080;
# }
access_log /data/logs/nginx/access.log combined;
error_log /data/logs/nginx/error.log;
}
server {
listen 8082;
server_name _;
location = /check.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/;
access_log off;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name _;
location ~ ^/* {
root /data/web/b2bhtml/;
access_log off;
}
}
server {
listen 9082;
server_name _;
# location ~ ^/resource/* {
# expires 10m;
# root /data/web/html/;
# }
location / {
root /data/web/html/sysMaintain/;
if (!-f $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /sysMaintain.html last;
}
}
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
一.安装
安装Nginx需要如下lib,在附件中提供下载,将他们拷贝至 /usr/local/src
安装命令如下:
// 安装 pcre
tar -xvzf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.35
./configure
make
make test
sudo make install
// 安装 zlib
tar -xvzf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure
make
make test
make install
whereis zlib
// 安装 openssl
tar -xvzf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.1h
./config
make
make test
make install
// 安装 nginx
tar -xvzf nginx-1.7.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.7.2
./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35 \
--with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.8 \
--with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.1h
make
make test
make install
二.启动和停止
1.启动
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
参数“-c”指定了配置文件的路径,如果不加“-c”参数,Nginx会默认加载其安装目录的conf子目录中的nginx.conf文件
2.查看进程
ps -ef | grep nginx cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
3.停止
sudo kill -QUIT 主进程号
sudo pkill -9 nginx
三. 一些问题
1.查看80端口占用情况
sudo netstat -tlnp|grep 80
2.启动时出现如下问题
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方法
ldd $(which /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx) find / -type f -name *libpcre.so.* 发现 /lib64/libpcre.so.0.0.1 cd /lib64 ln -s libpcre.so.0.0.1 libpcre.so.1
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1、安装Zlib函数库
####Gcc编译环境是必须条件#####[root@i-it ~]# yum install gcc-c++ make autoconf aotomake [root@i-it ~]# tar zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd zlib-1.2.8[root@i-it zlib-1.2.8]#./configure --prefix=/software/zlib [root@i-it zlib-1.2.8]# make && make install
2、添加对rewrite的支持,编译参数中启用了对utf8字符的支持,以便nginx支持中文的正则表达式
[root@i-it ~]# tar zxf pcre-8.35.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd pcre-8.35[root@i-it pcre-8.35]#./configure --prefix=/software/pcre --enable-utf8 --enable-unicode-properties [root@i-it pcre-8.35]# make && make install
3、添加对https 的支持
[root@i-it ~]# tar zxf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd openssl-1.0.1h[root@i-it openssl-1.0.1h]#./config --prefix=/software/openssl [root@i-it openssl-1.0.1h]# make && make install
编译TCMalloc,它是由Google公司发开的一款开源工具,goole-perftools中的一成员,TCMalloc在内存的分配效率和速度 要比标准的glibc库好得多,它不但可以用来优化高并发下的Mysql,从而降低系统的负载,还可以用于Nginx实现同样的功能,因此,对于高并发的 Nginx来说无疑是如虎添翼。
4、安装libunwind库
[root@i-it ~]# tar zxf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd libunwind-1.1[root@i-it libunwind-1.1]# CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure --prefix=/software/google-libunwind [root@i-it libunwind-1.1]# make CFLAGS=-fPIC && make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
5、安装google-perftools
[root@i-it ~]# tar zxf gperftools-2.2.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd gperftools-2.2[root@i-it gperftools-2.2]# LDFLAGS="-L/software/google-libunwind/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/software/google-libunwind/include"./configure --prefix=/software/google-perftools [root@i-it gperftools-2.2]# make && make install
6、添加共享库路径
[root@i-it ~]# echo "/software/google-libunwind/lib/">>/etc/ld.so.conf [root@i-it ~]# echo "/software/google-perftools/lib/">>/etc/ld.so.conf [root@i-it ~]# echo "/software/zlib/lib/">>/etc/ld.so.conf [root@i-it ~]# echo "/software/pcre/lib/">>/etc/ld.so.conf [root@i-it ~]# ldconfig -v
7、编译Nginx
[root@i-it ~]# groupadd -g 1500 nginx [root@i-it ~]# useradd -M -u 1500-g nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@i-it ~]# mkdir /var/tmp/nginx [root@i-it ~]# chown nginx:nginx /var/tmp/nginx/[root@i-it ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.7.1.tar.gz [root@i-it ~]# cd nginx-1.7.1#############注释该文件的174行取消debug模式##############[root@i-it nginx-1.7.1]# vi auto/cc/gcc 173# debug174# CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"######因为google-perftools库的安装路径并非默认,所以这里又要修改一次源码####[root@i-it nginx-1.7.1]# sed -i "s#/usr/local#/software/google-perftools#"auto/lib/google-perftools/conf [root@i-it nginx-1.7.1]#./configure --prefix=/software/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.35--with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.1h--with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8[root@i-it nginx-1.7.1]# make && make install
8、先添加一个启动脚本,让Nginx run起来
[root@i-it ~]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/bash# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server# it is v.0.0.2 version.# chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.# processname: nginx# pidfile: /software/nginx/logs/nginx.pid# config: /software/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginxd=/software/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx_config=/software/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx_pid=/software/nginx/logs/nginx.pid RETVAL=0 prog="nginx"# Source function library../etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration../etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up.[ ${NETWORKING}="no"]&&exit0[-x $nginxd ]||exit0# Start nginx daemons functions. start(){if[-e $nginx_pid ];then echo "nginx already running...."exit1fi echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config} RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL =0]&& touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx return $RETVAL }# Stop nginx daemons functions. stop(){ echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $nginxd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL =0]&& rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid } reload(){ echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}` killproc $nginxd -HUP RETVAL=$? echo }# See how we were called.case"$1"in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$?;;*) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"exit1esacexit $RETVAL #########赋权让其run起来#########[root@i-it ~]# chmod 755/etc/init.d/nginx && chkconfig nginx on [root@i-it ~]# service nginx start Starting nginx:[ OK ][root@i-it ~]# netstat -pant | grep 80 tcp 000.0.0.0:800.0.0.0:* LISTEN 37831/nginx
9、Nginx run起来了,配置前面的google-perftools库
#####创建线程目录#####[root@i-it ~]# mkdir /tmp/tcmalloc [root@i-it ~]# chmod 0777/tmp/tcmalloc/####修改Nginx配置文件#####[root@i-it ~]# vi /software/nginx/conf/nginx.conf pid logs/nginx.pid; google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc;###查看google-perftools是否加载###[root@i-it ~]# service nginx restart Stopping nginx:[ OK ]Starting nginx:[ OK ][root@i-it ~]# lsof -n | grep tcmalloc nginx 37882 nginx 9w REG 253,001179654/tmp/tcmalloc.37882 nginx 37883 nginx 11w REG 253,001179655/tmp/tcmalloc.37883####每一行输出的数据表示Nginx主配置文件中worker_processes的值,其每个线程文件后面的数值为Nginx启动的PID####[root@i-it ~]# ps aux | grep nginx root 378800.00.230200892?Ss00:270:00 nginx: master process /software/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /software/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx 378820.01.1348043844? S 00:270:00 nginx: worker process nginx 378830.01.1348043772? S 00:270:00 nginx: worker process ####iptables 开80端口####[root@i-it ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80-j ACCEPT
1、关闭系统中不需要的服务
###minimal 本来就是最小安装,这里我也就不提建议了,跟着自己的环境来###[root@i-it ~]# chkconfig --list auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off blk-availability 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iscsi 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iscsid 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off lvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off mdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off multipathd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2、清除文件描述符
###建议先备份一下###[root@i-it ~]# ll /software/nginx/sbin/nginx -h -rwxr-xr-x.1 root root 2.9MJun800:02/software/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@i-it ~]# strip /software/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@i-it ~]# ll /software/nginx/sbin/nginx -h -rwxr-xr-x.1 root root 2.6MJun801:54/software/nginx/sbin/nginx
2、优化写磁盘操作
####重新挂载当前分区,不记录Nginx对文件访问的时间修改#### mount -o defaults,noatime,nodiratime -o remount /dev/sda1
3、优化文件描述符
####修改配置文件####[root@i-it ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$"/etc/security/limits.conf *- nofile 65535*- nproc 65535[root@i-it ~]# su -[root@i-it ~]# ulimit -u 65535[root@i-it ~]# ulimit -n 65535
4、优化内核参数
[root@i-it ~]# cat >/etc/sysctl.conf<
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